长柄扁桃在山西太谷引种及生态适应性评价

Introduction and Ecological Adaptability Evaluation of Amygdalus pedunculata in Taigu,Shanxi Province

连续2 a观测了引种自陕西榆林的长柄扁桃(Amygdalus pedunculata)在山西太谷的生长和物候情况,并从叶片形态和解剖学角度综合评价了长柄扁桃与其近缘种榆叶梅(Amygdalus triloba)的生态适应性差异。结果发现,在太谷地区引种2 a后,长柄扁桃成活率达86%,物候表现与当地榆叶梅相似;年均株高和地径增长迅速,17%的植株可开花、结果;与榆叶梅相比,长柄扁桃株型低矮而紧凑,叶片小而角质层较厚;长柄扁桃叶片末级叶脉密度、相对含水量和叶绿素含量均极显著高于榆叶梅。表明长柄扁桃可在山西中部正常生长,成活率高,3年生苗即可开花和坐果;与榆叶梅相比,其叶片形态和解剖结构表现出更强的干旱适应能力。

The growth and phenology of Amygdalus pedunculata introduced in Taigu,Shanxi province,from Yulin city,Shaanxi province,were observed for 2 consecutive years.The differences in ecological adaptability of Amygdalus pedunculata and Amygdalus triloba were studied from the perspective of leaf morphology and anatomy.The results showed that after two years of introduction in Taigu area,the survival rate of Amygdalus pedunculata was 86%,and its phenological performance was similar with Amygdalus triloba.The average annual plant height and ground diameter increased rapidly,and 17%of the plants could blossom and bear fruit.Compared with Amygdalus triloba,Amygdalus pedunculata showed a more narrow crown,with smaller leaf area but thicker cuticle.The leaf terminal vein density,relative water content and chlorophyll content of Amygdalus pedunculata were significantly higher than those of Amygdalus triloba.The results show that Amygdalus pedunculata can grow normally in the central part of Shanxi province,with a high survival rate,and can normally blossom and bear fruit after 3 years old seedlings.Compared with Amygdalus triloba,Amygdalus pedunculata leaf morphology and anatomical structure show a higher drought adaptability.