可拉伸导体的最新进展

Recent progress on stretchable conductors

可拉伸导体因能够适应较大的变形以及与三维不规则表面实现无缝接触,受到了广泛关注,在信息、能源、医疗、国防等领域具有广阔的应用前景.在过去的几十年中,人们开发出了很多性能优异的导电纳米材料,如金属纳米线、碳纳米管、石墨烯和导电聚合物等.将导电纳米填料均匀分散到聚合物基质中是制备弹性导体的一种有效方法,可以实现导电性和拉伸性;另一种方法则是对导电复合物进行结构设计,引入可拉伸结构(如褶皱,网型,蛇形等),实现大形变下的性能稳定.本文主要总结了近五年来在弹性导体领域的最新进展,并指出了当前弹性导体领域存在的挑战.另外还讨论了一些柔性电子器件,如发光二极管、传感器、加热器等的研究现状,指明了柔性电子器件的发展趋势.

Flexible stretchable conductors have attracted wide attention due to their promising applications in information,energy,medical,national defense and other fields,where elastic conductors undergo large deformation and form intimate contact with three-dimensional irregular surfaces.Many conductive nanomaterials with excellent properties have been developed over the past decades,such as metal nanowires,carbon nanotubes,graphene and conductive polymers.One efficient method to prepare stretchable conductor is to disperse conductive materials into elastic matrix to form a conductive network,showing stretchability and conductivity.As an alternative way,elastic conductors show stable resistance change during stretch by use of buckled or serpentine structural design for rigid conductors.This review summarizes recent advances in flexible elastic conductors in the past five years.In addition,some flexible electronic devices such as light-emitting diodes,sensors,heaters,etc.are also discussed and the development direction in the field of flexible electronic devices is also suggested.