我国居民消费结构的区域差异研究——基于ELES模型的实证分析

A Study on the Regional Differences of Consumption Structure of Chinese Residents:Empirical Analysis Based on ELES Model

近年来,我国居民消费水平和消费结构都有了大幅提升,但不同区域之间还存在显著差异。为探寻现阶段区域间居民消费结构的差异,本文利用2018年省级截面数据构建ELES模型,对东部、中部、东北和西部四大区域居民消费的边际消费倾向、生存型消费比重、需求价格弹性、收入弹性及交叉价格弹性进行了分析。研究发现,我国居民消费结构呈现"东部-其它地区"的两极化特征:整体结构方面,东部地区明显优于其它三个区域;单项消费类别方面,东部地区和其它地区在住房和教育文娱两项消费上存在明显差异。为促进各区域居民消费水平提升和消费结构优化,四大区域均需稳定食品价格,东部地区应着重调控住房价格,其它三个区域应着重提高居民收入水平、增加优质教育文娱资源的供给。

In recent years, the consumption level and structure of Chinese residents have been greatly improved, but there are still significant differences between different regions. In order to explore the differences of consumption structure among regions, this paper constructs ELES model based on the 2018 provincial cross-sectional data, and analyzes the marginal consumption tendency, proportion of subsistence consumption,price elasticity, income elasticity and cross-price elasticity of residents’ consumption in the eastern region, the central region, the northeast region and the west region. It is found that the consumption structure of residents in China presents polarizing characteristic as "Eastern-others" : on the whole, the eastern region is obviously superior to the other three regions;in terms of individual consumption categories, the eastern region and other regions have obvious differences in housing, education and entertainment consumption. In order to promote the consumption level and structure of the residents in each region, the four regions need to stabilize the food price, the eastern region should focus on regulating the housing price, the other three regions should focus on improving the residents’ income level and increasing the supply of high-quality education and entertainment resources.