书画同源与观象取形:中国艺术史观与方法研究中的重要审美范畴

The Origin of Calligraphy and Painting and Its Image Taking:An Important Aesthetic Category in the Study of Chinese Art History and Methods

书画同源与观象取形,都是中国艺术史观与方法研究中的重要审美范畴,也是对于中国书法和中国绘画这两种极具代表性的中国艺术形式之审美文化源头的形象说明。中国书法和中国绘画有着密切的关系,它们在最初起源、用笔造型,以及在后来的发展中以书入画以及评品标准与方法等方面,都有许多相同相近的地方。书画同体或书画同源都是我国书画美学中的重要范畴。书画这二种不同的视觉艺术形式,虽各有其艺术审美特征,但在古代绘画被看成是"图形"、文字书法被看成是"图识",是"图载"中的两种重要形式,前者是"应物象形"。后者是"依类象形",都是观天察地、观象取形的结果。汉字是象形文字,具有视觉图形的审美特征,因此,中国的文字和书法就有了审美艺术形象。它具有空间上的构架形式,其点画结构组成了类似于绘画平面空间中的对比、疏密、长短、曲直、倚正、虚实等形式关系和审美关系,是中国特有的民族艺术形式之一。中国书法和中国绘画虽然是两种不同的视觉艺术形式,各有其艺术审美特征,但由于历史上两者之间紧密的联系,形成了不少带有共性的审美理想,这两种艺术相互影响、交相辉映,共同构成了中国艺术史中有关艺术审美范畴的两个关键因素,成为中华民族两种重要的视觉艺术形式或造型艺术形式。

Calligraphy and painting homology and image taking are not only important aesthetic category in the study of Chinese art history and methods,but also for Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting,two representative forms of Chinese art aesthetic culture source of the image.There is a close relationship between Chinese calligraphy and Chi-nese painting.There are many similarities in the origin,the style of pen,the later development of calligraphy and the standards and methods of evaluation.Calligraphy and painting of the same body or calligraphy and painting of the same origin are important categories of Chinese painting and calligraphy aesthetics.Calligraphy and painting are two different forms of visual art,although each has its artistic aesthetic characteristics,but in ancient painting is regarded as"graphics",calligraphy is regarded as"map knowledge",is the"picture load"in the two important forms,the former is"should object pictograph"。The latter is"according to the kind of pictograph",are the result of the observation of heaven and earth,the image of the shape.Chinese characters are hi-eroglyphics with visual graphics,so Chinese characters and calligraphy have aesthetic artistic images.It has the space frame,its dot-painting structure has formed the contrast,the density,the length,the curved straight,the leaning right,the virtual reality and so on form relations and the esthetic relations in the space similar to the painting plane,is one of the unique national art forms in China.Although Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting are two different forms of visual art,each has its own artistic aesthetic characteristics,but because of the close relationship between the two in history,a lot of common aesthetic ideals have been formed.These two kinds of art influence each other and re-flect each other.