急性呼吸道传染病疫情中非一线医护人员的抑郁和焦虑特征分析

Characteristics of depression and anxiety of non-first-line medical staff in epidemic situation of acute respiratory infectious diseases

目的了解突发急性呼吸道传染病疫情中非一线医护人员的医护人员的抑郁和焦虑现状及其特征,为尽早干预提供科学依据。方法通过网页、微信群、QQ群、工作群等多种线上调查方式面向全国募集调查对象,采用标准Zung氏抑郁(SDS)自评量表、Zung氏焦虑(SAS)自评量表和一般信息调查表作为调查工具进行线上匿名调查,采用Excel和SPSS 23.0进行数据管理和分析。结果共646名医护人员纳入分析。高危科室(急性呼吸道传染病疫情相关科室,如呼吸科、急诊科、发热门诊、重症监护病房和传染科等)医护人员的SDS和SAS平均得分分别为51.18±15.05和46.54±12.55,中度及以上焦虑发生率为20.85%(67/307),均分别显著高于其他科室的44.21±11.22、39.95±9.36和3.24%(12/339)(P=0.000);但在同类科室中,不同年龄段、职业(医生/护士)和学历等特征对象中,SDS和SAS平均得分未见统计学显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论高危科室医护人员的抑郁和焦虑负性心理水平较高,但在不同特征人群中差异不显著,有必要针对全体高危科室医护人员进行系统地健康教育和心理辅导,并应对存在负性心理的人群进行及时干预。

Objective To explore the characteristics of depression and anxiety phenomena of the non-front-line medical staff in epidemic situation of acute respiratory infections.Methods Online anonymous surveys were conducted with the Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)and the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)through various ways including web page,WeChat,QQ and working groups to recruit volunteers.The data were managed and analyzed by Excel and SPSS 23.0.Results A total 646 medical staff were analyzed.The average scores of SDS and SAS were 51.18±15.05 and 46.54±12.55,respectively,the incidence of moderate/severe anxiety was 20.85%(67/307)of the medical staff in the departments related to the epidemic situation of acute respiratory infectious diseases,which was significantly higher than that of the medical staff from other departments(44.21±11.22 and 39.95±9.36 and 3.24%,respectively,P=0.000).There was no significant difference in the average scores of SDS and SAS among the medical staff with different ages,occupations(doctors or nurses)or education levels(P>0.05).Conclusion The negative psychological scores of the medical staff in high-risk departments are significantly higher than those of the general departments,but there is no significant difference among the different characteristic medical staff.It is necessary to carry out systematical healthy and psychological education for the medical staff from high-risk departments and conduct interventions for the crowds with negative psychology.