腾格里沙漠陆生野生脊椎动物多样性及区系

Diversity and fauna of terrestrial wild vertebrate in Tengger Desert

于2017年6月至2018年4月对腾格里沙漠东南缘陆生野生脊椎动物的种类及分布特征等进行了调查,并结合沙坡头国家级自然保护区、连古城国家级自然保护区和腾格里沙漠自治区级自然保护区已有监测数据和文献记载,分析了腾格里沙漠陆生野生脊椎动物多样性及区系。结果表明:腾格里沙漠分布有陆生脊椎动物4纲、26目、73科、249种。其中两栖纲(Amphibia)1目、2科、3种;爬行纲(Reptilia)1目、7科、12种;鸟纲(Aves)18目、51科、201种;哺乳纲(Mammalia)6目、13科、33种。从腾格里沙漠的陆生野生脊椎动物种类组成看,鸟纲占绝对优势,占腾格里沙漠野生脊椎动物种类数量的80.72%;哺乳纲次之,占13.25%;爬行纲占4.82%;两栖纲最少,仅占1.20%。249种陆生野生脊椎动物分属3种区系,其中古北种157种,占绝对优势,占63.05%;广布种76种,占30.52%;东洋种16种,占6.43%。

The species and distribution characteristics of terrestrial wild vertebrates in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert were investigated from June 2017 to April 2018,and combined with the monitoring data and documents have been recorded in Shapotou National Nature Reserve,Liangucheng National Nature Reserve and Tengger Desert Autonomous Region Nature Reserve have analyzed the diversity and fauna of terrestrial wild vertebrates in the Tengger Desert. The results show that there are 4 classes,26 orders,73 families,and 249 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Tengger Desert. Among them,1 order,2 families and 3 species of Amphibia;1 order,7 families and 12 species of Reptilia;18 orders,51 families and 201 species of Aves;6 orders,13 families,33 species of Mammalia. The terrestrial wild vertebrates in the Tengger Desert account for 80. 72% of the total number of wild vertebrates in the Tengger Desert,13. 25% for the mammals,4. 82% for the reptiles,and1. 20% for the amphibians. The 249 species of terrestrial wild vertebrates belong to 3 faunas,among which 157 species of paleo-north species account for 63. 05%,76 species of widely distributed species account for30. 52%,and 16 species of oriental species account for 6. 43%.