钻孔引流术和开颅血肿清除术对3月龄以内婴儿颅内出血并血肿形成的意义研究

Study of significance of puncture drainage and craniotomy for hematoma removal on intracranial hemorrhage and hematoma formation in infants under 3 months old

目的探讨钻孔引流术和开颅血肿清除术对3月龄以内婴儿颅内出血并血肿形成的意义。方法 80例3月龄以内婴儿颅内出血并血肿形成患儿,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组40例。试验组给予开颅血肿清除术治疗,对照组给予钻孔引流术治疗。对比两组患儿手术时间、住院时间和以及术后并发症发生情况。结果试验组患儿手术时间为(95.32±10.15)min,长于对照组的(44.89±5.26)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组患儿住院时间(15.29±1.29)d长于对照组(11.38±1.21)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组患儿术后发生并发症33例,共济失调8例,肺部感染10例,颅内感染15例,并发症发生率为82.5%;试验组患儿术后发生并发症25例,共济失调6例,肺部感染7例,颅内感染12例,并发症发生率为62.5%;试验组术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对婴儿颅内出血并血肿形成患儿来说,采取钻孔引流术可以减少临床手术时间以及住院时间,采取开颅血肿清除术可以降低患儿术后并发症发生率,两者各有优劣,故临床医生应谨慎采取临床手术治疗方式。

Objective To discuss the significance of puncture drainage and craniotomy for hematoma removal on intracranial hemorrhage and hematoma formation in infants under 3 months old.Methods A total of 80 infants under 3 months old with intracranial hemorrhage and hematoma formation were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,with 40 cases in each group.The experimental group was treated by craniotomy for hematoma removal,and the control group was treated by puncture drainage.The operation time,hospitalization time and occurrence of postoperative complications was compared between the two groups.Results The operation time(95.32±10.15)min was longer than that of the control group(44.89±5.26)min,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The hospitalization time(15.29±1.29)d of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group(11.38±1.21)d,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In the control group,33 cases had postoperative complications,including 8 cases of ataxia,10 cases of lung infection,15 cases of intracranial infection,and the complication rate was 82.5%;in the experimental group,25 cases had postoperative complications,including 6 cases of ataxia,7 cases of lung infection,12 cases of intracranial infection,and the complication rate was 62.5%.The incidence of postoperative complications of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion For infants with intracranial hemorrhage and hematoma,puncture drainage can shorten the clinical operation time and the hospitalization time,while craniotomy for hematoma removal can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in children.Both have their own advantages and disadvantages,so clinicians should be cautious in adopting clinical surgical treatment.