系统功能语言学视角下的英汉语环境意义对比研究——以中美大学校长开学演讲为例

A Study on Circumstantial Meanings of Chinese and American Universtty President Speeches at New Student ConvocationFrom the Perspective of SFL

及物性系统中的环境成分是表达环境意义的重要语言手段,但非唯一手段。试从系统功能语言视角出发,以中美大学校长开学演讲为语料,从环境意义的结构类别和语义类别两方面对比分析英汉两种语言的环境意义表达系统。研究发现:表达环境意义的语言手段除环境成分外,还包括参与者、过程、后置修饰语、类别语和增强小句,英汉语都以环境成分为主,但汉语缺少后置修饰语;英汉语环境意义的结构类别差异大,语义类别差异小。最后,研究指出,掌握环境意义的不同结构类别对于英汉语篇的理解与表达都有重要意义。

Circumstance is an important but not the only linguistic means to provide circumstantial meaning for language.From the perspective of Systemic Functional Language(SFL),this paper makes a comparative analysis of the circumstantial meaning expression systems in English and Chinese in terms of its structural and semantic types.The paper finds:the linguistic means of expressing circumstantial meanings include participant,process,qualifier,classifier and enhancing clause in addition to circumstance;Circumstance is the most frequent structure in both English and Chinese,but Chinese lacks the structure of qualifier;There are greater differences in the structural types than semantic types of circumstantial meaning between English and Chinese.Finally,the study points out that mastering the different structural types of circumstantial meaning is of great significance to the understanding and expression of both English and Chinese texts.