地缘性介入与制度性嵌构:美国亚太区域水安全外交战略

Geographical Intervention and Institutional Embedding:the US Diplomatic Strategy for Water Security in the Asia-Pacific Region

根据地缘利益诉求(攻势/守势)与跨国流域水治理程度(工具性/制度性)两个指标,可以将"水安全外交"界定为国家以及相关行为体围绕跨境水资源安全问题展开的博弈行为。水安全外交包括冲突预防型、霸权引导型、水互动冷漠型和治理后现代型四种类型。作为霸权引导型的美国水安全外交战略,其核心是通过水的全球治理来巩固其全球霸权地位,主要表现在两个方面:一是通过大国的地缘性介入,保障其水外交的战略利益;二是通过对区域水治理体系的制度性嵌置和重构,保持其水外交的合法性和有效性。美国通过水外交的四条路径(联盟和议题联系方式、同水外交大国的协调方式、国际组织议题嵌入、网络化伙伴关系)推进水安全外交政策和安全战略的制定。在其水外交进程中,国内外的动因机制发挥了重要作用。美国通过水安全外交拓展自身在亚太的地缘利益诉求,推行美国价值观的水治理原则和规范,嵌构以美国为核心的水安全治理体系,遏制地区大国(特别是中国)的水话语权,以最终实现美国在区域水—能源—粮食纽带安全中的战略优势平衡。

Based on geographical interests demands(offensive/defensive)and water governance performance in transboundary river basins(instrumental/institutional),"water security diplomacy"can be defined as game behaviors of states and relevant actors focusing on issues of cross-border water resources security.Water security diplomacy can be categorized into four broad types:conflict-preventative diplomacy,hegemony-oriented diplomacy,water diplomacy featuring apathetic interaction and the one highlighting post-modern governance.The US diplomatic strategy for water security,being hegemony-oriented,aims at consolidating its global hegemony through global governance of water.It is mainly manifested in two aspects:safeguarding its strategic interests through major power geographical intervention and maintaining the legitimacy and effectiveness of its water diplomacy through institutional embeddedness and reconstruction of the regional water governance system.The United States promotes the formulation of its water security foreign policy and strategy through four diplomatic paths,namely,alliance and agenda-setting,coordination with major water diplomacy powers,embedding international organizations,networked partnership.The dynamic mechanism both at home and abroad has played an important role in the advancement of US water diplomacy.By virtue of water security diplomacy,the United States is able to expand its geographical interests in the Asia-Pacific region,implement the principles and norms of water governance advocated by American values,embed the water security governance system with the United States as its core,and curb the voice of major regional powers,especially China,in the water discourse.The ultimate goal of the US is to achieve a balanced strategic advantage in the regional water-energyfood nexus security.