秦早期文化与周文化关系论略

On the Relationship Between Cultures of Early Qin and Zhou Dynasties

在秦文化的来源和早期形成中,东夷文化、夏商文化、戎狄文化和周文化都曾产生过重要影响,其中尤以周文化影响最大。秦人对周文化的学习、吸收经历了西周孝王之前的初学,此后的快速学习和春秋初年的全面吸收三个阶段。秦人对周文化是从物质、精神和制度层面的全方位学习,选择性吸收和创造性继承。在此基础上又兼收并蓄戎狄文化之长为其所用,进而创造了统摄农耕、畜牧两大文明,以华戎交汇、农牧并举为特征的秦早期文化。

The cultures of Eastern Yi,Xia and Shang,Rong and Di and Zhou Dynasties all had some influences on the Qin Dynasties culture,among which the influence of Zhou Dynasty culture was the greatest.Qin people’s learning and absorbing of Zhou Dynasty culture went through three stages,namely preliminary learning stage before the reign of Emperor Xiao in Western Zhou Dynasty,fast learning stage,and the stage of comprehensive absorption in the early Spring and Autumn Period.Qin people comprehensively learned,selectively absorbed and creatively inherited the culture of Zhou Dynasty from the material,spiritual and institutional perspectives.On top of that,people in Qin Dynasty also incorporated and integrated the culture of Rong and Di.Thus,they created the culture of early Qin Dynasty,which featured two great civilizations of farming and animal husbandry and was characterized by the combination of cultures of Qin,Rong and Di and the simultaneous development of farming and animal husbandry.