《资本论》方法的阐释路径及其理论困难

The Interpretation Path and Theoretical Difficulties of the Research Method of Das Kapital

如何判定《资本论》的理论性质,其关键在于对《资本论》方法的研究。围绕这一争论,学界出现了两种不同的阐释路径。一种是实证主义的阐释路径,立足于经验事实,注重对各种材料的整理与归纳,但这种阐释路径以"非科学的观察者"的方式对资产阶级生产关系的外部联系进行说明和描述,最终陷入"图式化"的经验抽象之中。另一种是黑格尔主义的阐释路径,以黑格尔的辩证法作为解释原则,"要求面向既定社会的自我活动,并由之深入到历史的本质性之中",但这一阐释路径由于"跳过了经济分析的必要环节",必然陷入到黑格尔式的思辨抽象之中。鉴于《资本论》方法的研究对判定其理论性质的重要性,我们有必要通过回顾马克思对不同研究方法的评述,来重新审视这两种阐释路径的理论困难,澄清《资本论》方法研究的阐释原则,以期进一步深化对《资本论》理论性质的理解。

How to determine the theoretical nature of Das Kapital lies in the study of the method of Das Kapital.Around this debate,two different interpretation paths have emerged in academia.One is the positivist interpretation path,based on empirical facts,focusing on the collation and induction of various materials.But this interpretation path uses the"non-scientific observer"method to explain and external connection of the bourgeois production relations and the description eventually falls into the schematic empirical abstraction.The other is the Hegelian interpretation path,which uses Hegel’s dialectics as the principle of interpretation,"requiring self-activity towards a given society and deepening into the essence of history",but this interpretation path is due to"skipping the necessary links of economic analysis",inevitably fell into the Hegelian speculative abstraction.Therefore,in view of the importance of the method research of Das Kapital in determining its theoretical nature,it is necessary for us to review the theoretical difficulties of these two interpretation paths by reviewing Marx’s comments on different research methods,and clarify the interpretation principles of the methodological research of Das Kapital,in order to further deepen the understanding of the theoretical nature of Das Kapital.