电视暴力对不同外倾性气质学前儿童社会行为的差异化影响——“一般攻击模型”与“催化剂模型”的理论之争

Differential influence of Television Violence on Preschool Children’s Social Behavior——The Debate between the“the General Aggressive Model”and“Catalyst Model”Theory

选取154名3~5岁学前儿童(M=4.11,SD=0.31),采用母亲报告法收集儿童最近3个月最常观看的电视节目、外倾性气质、问题行为和亲社会行为,对19部儿童最常观看的动画片的暴力性进行编码,考察电视暴力频率和暴力残酷性和儿童外倾性对学前儿童社会行为的共同作用。结果:(1)在预测儿童的问题行为时,电视暴力频率与儿童外倾性的交互作用显著,与低外倾性儿童相比,高外倾性儿童观看较多的电视暴力内容会表现出更多的问题行为,观看较少电视暴力内容也会表现出更少的问题行为,支持差别易感性模型;(2)在预测儿童的亲社会行为时,电视暴力频率和暴力残酷性的主效应及其与儿童外倾性的交互作用不显著,外倾性有显著的预测作用,高外倾性儿童表现出更多亲社会行为。

154 preschoolers(M=4.11,SD=0.31)and their mothers participated in this study.Mothers reported their children’s surgency,problem behavior,prosocial behavior and the exposure of television programs in the last three months.Results indicated that:(1)children’s temperamental surgency moderated the relationship between the frequency and cruelty of television aggression and children’s problem behavior,that was the children with high level of surgency were susceptible to frequency of television violence and showed significantly more problem behavior when exposed to the high frequency of television aggression,and less problem behavior when exposed to low frequency of television aggression than those children with low level of surgency,these results supported the differential susceptibility model;(2)in the prediction of children’s prosocial behavior,there was no significant interaction between frequency and cruelty of television violence and children’s temperamental surgency,while the children’s temperamental surgency could significantly predict the children’s prosocial behavior,children with high level of temperamental surgency would perform more prosocial behavior compared to those with low level of surgency.