早熟杂交油菜云油杂15号高产栽培产量结构分析

Yield Structure Analysis of High-yield Cultivation of Yunyouza 15

云油杂15号是云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所与楚雄州农业科学研究推广所等单位合作选育的三系早熟杂交油菜品种,也是云南省育成的首个达到强优势杂交种标准(较对照杂交种增产8%以上)的油菜品种。采用楚雄彝族自治州境内2016—2018年不同生态环境条件下不同的栽培种植水平的示范结果,分析云油杂15号高产种植方式。结果表明,云油杂15号在云南省内油菜主产区,尤其在楚雄州范围内的油菜主产区种植表现出高产、稳产和适应性广的优势;在不同的栽培水平条件下均表现出了较高的产量水平,说明其具备较强的栽培适应性,前作为烤烟、肥力很高的田块有较高的产量;而前作为玉米水稻、肥力中等的牟定县凤屯乡牌坊村委会种植18.0万株/hm^2的最佳密度,表现出较强的增产优势;而在肥力中等、播种很晚的永仁县猛虎乡迤帕拉村委会,大幅增加种植密度也获得了相应的产量。

Yunyouza 15 is three-line early-maturing hybrid rape variety and the first rapeseed variety with the standard of strong dominant hybrids(the yield is more than 8%higher than that of the control hybrids)in Yunnan Province.It was bred by the Institute of Economic Crops of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Agricultural Scientific Research and Extension Institute of Chuxiong Prefecture cooperatively.The demonstration results of different cultivation levels under different ecological conditions in Chuxiong Prefecture from^2016 to 2018 were used to analyze the high-yield planting patterns.The results showed that Yunyouza 15 has the advantages of high,stable yield and wide adaptability in the main producing areas of rape in Yunnan Province,especially in Chuxiong Prefecture.Yunyouza 15 had strong cultivation adaptability with a higher yield level under different cultivation levels.As previous stubble was flue-cured tobacco,it gave a high yield with high fertility.While the previous crop was corn and rice,it showed a strong advantage in increasing production with planting the best density of 180000 plants/hm^2 and medium fertility in the village committee of Fengtun Township,Mouding County.While in the Yipala Village Committee of Menghu Township,Yongren County,sowing very lately with medium fertility,the yield also increased significantly by greatly increasing the planting density.