饲粮添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能与瘤胃发酵的影响

Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Bacillus Licheniformis on Growth Performance and Rumen Fermentation in Sheep

【目的】研究饲粮中添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能和瘤胃发酵的影响,为酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌在肉羊饲粮中的合理应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验选用48只4月龄、体重相近(22.96±2.00)kg、健康的杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交F1代公羔,根据饲喂添加剂不同随机分为4组:D(对照组,两种菌均不添加);D1(酿酒酵母,6×10^10 CFU/kg);D2(地衣芽孢杆菌,2×10^10 CFU/kg);D3(酿酒酵母6×10^10 CFU/kg+地衣芽孢杆菌2×10^10 CFU/kg),每组12只羊,试验期共75 d,前15 d为适应期,正饲期60d。试验羊每天分别于08:00和18:00进行饲喂,自由采食和饮水。正饲期内每天准确称量记录每只试验羊的喂料量和剩料量,并在第1、30、60天晨饲前对试验羊进行称重,计算平均日采食量、平均日增重(ADG)及料重比(F/G)。试验结束当天08:00正常饲喂试验羊,3 h后采集瘤胃液,测定发酵参数、消化酶活性以及功能微生物。【结果】1)饲粮中添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对试验羊的初始体重和终末体重及平均采食量的影响均不显著(P>0.05),D3组的ADG显著高于D组(P<0.05),D3组的F/G显著低于D组(P<0.05),D1和D2组的F/G差异不显著(P>0.05);2)饲粮中添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对瘤胃液pH、丁酸浓度及乙丙比的影响均不显著(P>0.05),D3组的NH3-N浓度显著低于D组(P<0.05),TVFA和丙酸浓度显著高于D组(P<0.05),且D3组与D1和D2组均差异不显著(P>0.05),D3和D2组的乙酸浓度显著高于D1与D组(P<0.05);3)D3组的β-葡萄糖苷酶、羟甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶及淀粉酶活性均显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。D1和D2组的β-葡萄糖苷酶、果胶酶、羟甲基纤维素酶及淀粉酶活性与D组无显著差异(P>0.05)。D3组蛋白酶活性显著高于D和D2组(P<0.05),与D1组差异不显著(P>0.05),D1和D2组的β-葡萄糖苷酶、果胶酶、羟甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、蛋白酶及淀粉酶活性均差异不显著(P>0.05);4)添加酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对黄色瘤胃球菌、栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌、嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌和原虫数量的影响不显著(P>0.05),D3组的溶纤维丁酸弧菌数显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌显著高于D组(P<0.05),但与D1和D2组差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组产甲烷菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),其中D3组最低。【结论】饲粮中添加6×10^10CFU/kg酿酒酵母和2×10^10CFU/kg地衣芽孢杆菌均会对绵羊瘤胃发酵产生积极影响,提高了瘤胃消化酶的活性,增加了瘤胃有益菌的数量,且二者组合饲喂效果更加显著。

【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance and rumen fermentation in sheep.【Method】A total of 48 four-month-old healthy Dorper×Small Tail Han sheep ram lambs with similar body weight(22.96±2.00 kg)were randomly selected into 4 groups:D(the control group,without both bacteria);D1(only adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae,6×10^10 CFU/kg),D2(only adding Bacillus licheniformis,2×10^10 CFU/kg),and D3(Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6×10^10 CFU/kg+Bacillus licheniformis 2×10^10 CFU/kg),with 12 sheep of each group.The experiment was conducted over 75 d,with a 15 d adaptation and a 60 d the formal period.The experimental sheep were fed 2 times per day(08:00 a.m.,18:00 p.m.),free ingestion and free drinking water.During the normal feeding period,each experimental sheep were recorded accurately the amount of feed and residual of weight every day.The experimental sheep were weighed before the morning feeding on the 1 st,30 th and 60 th day,and the average daily intake,average daily gain(ADG)and Feed/Gain(F/G)value were calculated.At 08:00 on the day of the end of the experiment,the experimental sheep were fed normally.After 3 hours,the rumen fluid was collected and the rumen fermentation,digestive enzyme activities,and functional microorganisms were determined.【Result】The results showed as follows:(1)the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis in the diet had no significant effect on the final body weight and average feed intake of the test sheep(P>0.05).The ADG of D3 group was significantly higher than that of D group(P<0.05),and F/G value of D3 group was significantly lower than that of D group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between D1 and D2 groups in F/G value(P>0.05):(2)the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis in the diet had no significant effect on the rumen pH value,the concentration of butyric acid,and the value of Acetate/Propionate(A/P).The concentration of NH3-N for D3 group was significantly lower than D group,but the concentration of TVFA and propionic acid was significantly higher than D group(P<0.05),with no difference among three experimental groups(P>0.05).The concentration of acetic acid in D3 and D2 group was significantly higher than that in D1 and D groups(P<0.05).3)The activity ofβ-glucosidase,carboxymethyl cellulose,xylanase,and amylase for D3 group was significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05).There was no significant effect in the activities ofβ-glucosidase,pectase,carboxymethyl cellulose and amylase among D,D1 and D2 groups(P>0.05).The activity of protease in D3 group was significantly higher than D and D2 groups(P<0.05),with no significant difference between D3 and D1 groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference inβ-glucosidase,pectase,carboxymathy cellulose,xylanase,protease and amylase activities between D1 and D2 groups(P>0.05);(4)the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis in the diet had no significant effect on the amount of R.flavefaciens,P.ruminicola,R.amylophilus,and Protozoan(P>0.05).The amount of B.fibrisolvens for D3 group was significantly higher than the other 3 groups(P<0.05).The amount of R.albus and F.succinogensin D3 group were significantly higher than D group(P<0.05),with no significant difference among D1,D2 and D3 groups(P>0.05).Compared with the D group,the amount of Methanogensin experimental groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the D3 group was lowest.【Conclusion】In conclusion,the dietary supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(6×10^10 CFU/kg)and Bacillus licheniformis(2×10^10 CFU/kg)had positive effects on rumen fermentation,which improved rumen digestive enzyme activity and increased the number of beneficial bacteria in rumen.Moreover,the combination of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus licheniformis achieved better effect.