云南拉祜纳小家庭制度及其运作机制研究

Research on Lahu Na's Small Family Institution and Its Mechanism

在审视20世纪60年代拉祜族家庭制度调查的基础上,通过对云南省澜沧县拉祜纳进行田野调查,研究发现拉祜纳生产生活的基本单位是小家庭,而非大家庭。拉祜纳在婚姻和继嗣上的诸多安排都是围绕小家庭展开在婚姻制度上,拉祜纳实行劳役婚姻,新婚夫妇在婚后最初几年通过为双方父母劳作换取日后建立小家庭所必需的生产生活资料;在继嗣制度上,拉祜纳不注重继嗣,而是平均分配财产以支持小家庭的独立。此外,小家庭并非山地族群逃避统治的结果,而是与刀耕火种生产方式相适应的制度安排。

Based on an examination of the family institution surveys of Lahu people in the 1960s and through a field study of Lahu Na people in Lancang County,Yunnan Province,this paper finds that the basic units of production and living in Lahu Na are small families other than large families.A series of institutions in Lahu Na society is organized around small families.Regarding the marriage institution,Lahu Na adopts a labor marriage system in which a newly married couple work for both parents in the first few years to exchange for the necessary production and living materials to build a new small family.Regarding the descent system,Lahu Na equally distributes their property to all descents to support the independence of each small family.Furthermore,this paper argues that the small family is an institutional arrangement adapted to the slash and burn agriculture,instead of the result of the mountain ethnic groups escaped from the government.