基于GNSS的全电推进SmallGEO卫星自主入轨方法

Orbit Transfer Method of All-electric Propulsion SmallGEO Satellite Based on GNSS

与传统地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星相比,全电推进SmallGEO卫星具有更高的载重比,同时能够有效降低发射成本,但其推力小、入轨时间长。针对长时间变轨期间卫星轨道确定和轨道控制问题,设计了时间最优的小推力轨道控制策略,分析了转移轨道阶段的导航星可见性,提出了基于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)的自主定轨方案。为了提高优化控制策略的收敛性,引入神经网络对参数进行寻优。最终,通过GNSS接收机确定精确轨道,结合优化轨道控制方法,实现卫星的快速准确入轨。数学仿真结果表明,提出的方法可以实现卫星自主入轨,具有工程应用价值。

Compared with the traditional geosynchronous orbit(GEO)satellite,an all-electric propulsion satellite called SmallGEO has a higher load ratio,which can effectively reduce the launch cost.But it is low-thrust and the orbit inserting time is long.To solve the problem of orbit determination and orbit maneuver law during orbit transfer,a time optimal low-thrust control strategy is designed,the visibility of navigation satellite is analyzed,and an autonomous orbit determination scheme based on global navigation satellite system(GNSS)is proposed.In order to improve the convergence of the optimal control strategy,neural network is introduced to search the parameters.Finally,combined the precise orbit determined by GNSS with the optimal control method,the satellite insertion can be realized quickly and accurately.The results of mathematical simulation show that the proposed method is effective,and is practical significance for orbit control law design in the engineering application.