昆虫与其肠道菌群互作机理的研究进展及其在害虫管理中的应用前景

Current understanding on the mechanism of the interactions between insects and gut microbiota and its implications in the pest control

昆虫肠道中栖息着真菌、病毒、细菌、原生动物和古菌等种类繁多、数量庞大的微生物,总称为肠道微生物群。其中,细菌是最主要的类群,统称为肠道菌群。一方面,肠道菌群广泛参与了宿主昆虫的生长发育、免疫防御与器官稳态维持、抗药性的产生、逆境抗性和社会行为等众多关键生理过程。另一方面,昆虫的肠道免疫系统中有一套精细的调控机制来维持宿主与其肠道菌群之间的共生关系。高通量测序技术与组学技术的发展和应用极大地促进了对昆虫体内微生物群的结构与功能的认识和理解,并明显提高了人类对昆虫微生物资源的利用能力。本文综合介绍了关于昆虫肠道菌群的组成、功能及其与宿主互作机理等方面的研究现状,并在此基础上对昆虫耐受与调控其肠道菌群稳态的机理研究及其相关的应用前景进行了展望。

Insect gut often harbors diverse species of microbes,including fungi,virus,bacteria,protozoa and archaea,which is defined as gut microbiota.Gut microbiota has been found to profoundly affect many aspects of insect physiology,from regulating development,immune defense,gut homeostasis and pesticide resistance to shaping behavior.On the other hand,it is clear that the immune system plays a central role in shaping the composition of gut microbiota.Furthermore,gut immunity is regulated by intricate and dynamic mechanisms to ensure the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.The development and application of highthroughput sequencing technology and omics methods do not only advance the understanding on the mechanisms of the interactions between insect and gut microbiota,but also improve the ability to utilize these insect associated microbes.In this review,we examine the current knowledge on the composition and function of insect gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which insect hosts modulate the homeostasis of gut bacteria.Finally,we have also discussed the further dissections on the crosstalk between insect pests and their gut microbiota and its application potential in the pest control.