光周期和温度对虎斑蝶卵、幼虫及蛹存活的影响

Effects of photoperiod and temperature on the survival of immature stages of Danaus genutia

通过在人工气候箱内设定不同光周期和温度梯度单虫饲养观察个体发育史,研究了光周期和温度对虎斑蝶Danaus genutia幼期存活的影响,研究结果可为该高观赏价值蝶种的规模化养殖提供依据。结果表明,在长光照(L∶D=15∶9)条件下,17.5、20.0、22.5、25.0、27.5、30.0℃时虎斑蝶卵的孵化率分别为63.72%、71.67%、65.75%、75.00%、67.12%、59.56%,幼虫的存活率分别为85.67%、85.96%、91.19%、89.20%、80.86%、68.78%,蛹的存活率分别为82.76%、100.00%、96.00%、97.06%、100.00%、100.00%;在短光照(L∶D=9∶15)条件下,17.5、20.0、25.0、30.0℃时虎斑蝶卵的孵化率分别为86.36%、67.06%、75.00%、77.50%,幼虫的存活率分别为85.05%、84.59%、85.74%、80.78%,蛹的存活率分别为93.30%、94.12%、100.00%、100.00%。结果表明,17.5℃和30.0℃均不利于虎斑蝶幼期的存活,20.0~27.5℃是其幼期生长发育适宜的温度范围。长光照利于幼虫的存活,短光照利于卵的孵化和蛹的羽化;在17.5~30.0℃内,较高的温度利于蛹的羽化,而较低的温度利于卵的孵化和幼虫的存活;温度对虎斑蝶卵的孵化、幼虫的存活及蛹的羽化影响大于光周期;在养殖生产上,建议将幼期养殖温度控制在20.0~27.5℃,幼虫期饲养在长光照下为宜,卵和蛹期置于短光照下为宜。

To investigate the effects of photoperiod and temperature on the survival of immature stages of the common tiger butterfly(Danaus genutia),which was collected from Yuanjiang county,Yunnan Province.The life-cycle stages and survival of each stage of D.genutia were observed by individually rearing eggs,larvae and pupae under different photoperiods and temperatures in climatic chambers.Survival rate curves of eggs,larvae and pupae were measured by Weibull distribution function.In long-day treatment(L∶D=15∶9)and at different temperatures(17.5,20.0,22.5,25.0,27.5,30.0℃),the hatching rates of egg stage were 63.72%,71.67%,65.75%,75.00%,67.12%and 59.56%,respectively;The survival rates of larva stage were 85.67%,85.96%,91.19%,89.20%,80.86%and 68.78%,respectively;The survival rates of pupa stage were 82.76%,100.00%,96.00%,97.06%,100.00%and 100.00%,respectively.In short-day treatment(L∶D=9∶15)and at different temperatures(17.5,20.0,25.0,30.0℃),the hatching rates of egg stage were 86.36%,67.06%,75.00%,and 77.50%respectively;The survival rates of larva stage were 85.05%,84.59%,85.74%and 80.78%,respectively;The eclosion rates of pupa stage were 93.30%,94.12%,100.00%and 100.00%,respectively.These results suggested that temperature had more significant influence on the survival of immature stages of D.genutia compared with photoperiod;The proper temperature range which benefitting to the survival of the butterfly was 20.0~27.5℃,long-day treatment(L∶D=15∶9)benefit to the survival of larvae,and short-day treatment(L∶D=9∶15)benefit to the survival of eggs and pupae.