电驱动形状记忆聚合物复合材料及其应用进展

Research update on electroactive shape memory polymer composites and their applications

形状记忆聚合物是一类能对外界刺激做出响应,实现自主形状回复的智能材料.将这类材料作为基体与其他功能材料复合可制成形状记忆聚合物复合材料,赋予其在多种外界刺激下实现智能变形的能力.形状记忆聚合物本身不具有导电性,但与导电材料复合后形成连续的内部导电网络,使其具有导电特性;导电形状记忆聚合物复合材料的特点是在通电条件下,利用焦耳热效应实现形状记忆聚合物复合材料的电驱动变形.电驱动形状记忆聚合物复合材料具有可远程驱动、驱动电压可调、复合形式和结构可设计等优点,在航空航天、微电子、生物医疗等领域显示出了巨大的应用潜力,并可用于4D打印这种新兴的智能材料成型技术,打印制品在电驱动下展现出优异的形状记忆性能.本文综述了不同结构的电驱动形状记忆聚合物复合材料的研究进展,对比了不同种类导电填料及不同材料结构的性能差异,并介绍了电驱动形状记忆聚合物复合材料在各领域的潜在应用,最终指出这类材料的优缺点及未来的发展方向.

Shape memory polymers(SMPs)are a type of smart materials that can return to their original shape in response to external stimuli.Shape memory polymer composites(SMPCs)are created combining SMPs with other functional materials and can provide intelligent deformation with a variety of external stimuli.SMPs are not typically electrically conductive but can be combined with conductive materials to form a continuous internal network that can impart conductivity to the material.When electricity is applied,the current heats the material,resulting in electroactivation.Electroactive SMPCs afford advantages including remote activation,adjustable activation voltage,and insensitivity to environmental factors;they have great potential for application in aerospace,microelectronics,and biomedicine.They can also be used in 4D printing,a new intelligent material-forming technology whose printed products exhibit excellent shape memory performance.This paper reviews the current state of research into various types of electroactive SMPC,compares the relative performance of different types of conductive fillers and material structures,introduces the application of electroactive SMPCs to various fields,presents the advantages and disadvantages of SMPCs,and suggests directions for future development.