食品中重金属检测及样品前处理方法研究进展

Research progress on the detection of heavy metals and sample preparation methods in food samples

重金属污染主要指由汞、镉、铅、铬等生物毒性显著的元素引起的污染,随食品进入人体后会导致多种疾病。随着人们对食品安全的要求不断提高,食品中重金属污染问题受到更多的关注,各类食品中重金属含量和形态的检测需求日益增加,发展便捷高效的重金属检测方法十分必要。本文综述了近年来受到广泛应用的食品中重金属检测技术及样品前处理方法,重点介绍了检测技术中原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱法的方法原理、应用实例和优缺点。同时,对样品前处理方法中常用的消解技术和重金属富集技术进行了概述,并对目前的研究热点和未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望,以期为各类食品中重金属检测技术的选择提供参考。

Heavy metal pollution mainly refers to the pollution caused by mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium and other biologically toxic elements, which can cause various diseases when food enters the human body. With the continuous improvement of people’s requirements for food safety, the problem of heavy metal pollution in food has received more and more attention, and The demand for detection of heavy metal content and form in various types of food is increasing. It is necessary to develop convenient and efficient heavy metal detection methods. This paper reviewed the detection techniques and sample preparation methods of heavy metals in food that have been widely used in recent years, and focused on method principles, application examples, advantages and disadvantages of the detection techniques including atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Meanwhite, this paper reviewed the digestion technology and heavy metal enrichment technology commonly used in sample preparation methods summarized and prospected the current research hotspots and future development directions. To provide a reference for the selection of heavy metal detection technology in various foods and inspire the development of food sample pretreatment methods.