铜陵市356名中学生抑郁与焦虑心理状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of depression and anxiety of 356 middle school students in Tongling City

目的了解铜陵市部分中学生抑郁与焦虑心理状况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,分别抽取铜陵市5所学校157名初二学生和199名高二学生作为研究对象,采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)调查学生抑郁与焦虑情绪状况。结果调查356名学生中,男生142人,女生214人,男女性别比为1∶1.51。抑郁检出率为65.45%、焦虑检出率为29.49%。初二、高二年级学生的抑郁检出率分别为64.33%、66.33%;初二、高二年级学生的焦虑检出率分别为28.66%、30.15%。男女学生抑郁检出率分别为64.08%、66.36%;男女学生焦虑检出率分别为26.06%、31.78%。初二年级男女生抑郁检出率分别为66.67%、62.03%;高二年级中男女生抑郁检出率分别为60.94%、68.89%。初二年级男女生焦虑检出率分别为32.05%、35.32%,而在高二学生中男女生焦虑检出率分别为18.75%、35.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.822,P<0.05)。结论铜陵市部分初二和高二学生存在焦虑与抑郁心理状况,高二学生中女生焦虑症状比例高于男生,不良情绪可能影响学生的身心健康。

Objective To explore the psychological state of depression and anxiety of middle school students in Tongling City,provide theoretical basis for psychological crisis intervention of middle school students.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,157 junior high school students and 199 senior high school students from 5 schools in Tongling City were selected as the research objects.The depression and anxiety of students were investigated by SDS and SAS.Results Among the 356 students surveyed,142 were male and 214 were female.The ratio of male to female was 1∶1.51.The rate of depression and anxiety was 65.45% and 29.49%,respectively.The prevalence of depression was 64.33% in grade two of junior middle school and 66.33% in grade two of senior high school,and the prevalence of anxiety was 28.66% and 30.15% in grade two of junior middle school and grade two of senior high school.The depression rate of male and female students was 64.08% and 66.36% respectively,and the anxiety rate of male and female students was 26.06% and 31.78% respectively.The prevalence of depression was 66.67% and 62.03% in grade two of junior middle school,and 60.94% and 68.89% in grade two of senior high school.The detection rates of anxiety in grade two of junior high school were 32.05% and 35.32% respectively,while in grade of senior high school,the detection rates were 18.75% and 35.56% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(χ~2 = 5.822,P<0.05).Conclusion In Tongling City,some students in grade two of junior middle school and grade two of senior high school have anxiety and depression.The proportion of female students in grade two of senior high school is higher than that of male students.Bad mood may affect students’ physical and mental health.