甘肃省某热力发电厂职业卫生学调查与评价

Investigation and evaluation of occupational hygiene in a thermal power plant in Gansu Province

目的通过对甘肃省某热力发电厂进行职业危害识别与测定,找到关键控制点,并为该企业同类型拟建项目提供职业卫生学参考。方法 2018年7—8月,对位于甘肃省平凉市的某热力发电厂生产过程全程可能产生的职业危害进行现场测定及定量分析,对比国家规定的接触限值,对结果作出评定,分析不符合标准点位的原因,提出应对措施,同时提醒拟建项目关注该类点位。结果测量粉尘接触位点共34个,涉及岗位输煤系统司机位、给煤机位和磨煤机位等共计7类,总尘最大值为8 mg/m^3,呼尘最大值为2.87 mg/m^3,全部符合职业接触限值;测量化学毒物空气浓度位点34个,涉及锅炉系统点燃器巡检位、化水系统加药巡检位及脱硝平台巡检位等共计8类,时间加权平均浓度或最高浓度全部符合职业接触限值;高温检测位点皆选在锅炉系统值班员查看设备位,根据其劳动时间率及体力劳动强度,判定测量结果符合职业接触限值;噪声测定位点共90个,涉及工种15类,合格率为84%,不合格位点皆位于汽机系统内。结论甘肃省某热力发电厂总体运作良好,应注意汽机系统噪声危害,加强接噪位点人员的职业防护。

Objective Through the identification and determination of occupational hazards in a thermal power plant in Gansu Province,find out the critical control points,and provide occupational hygiene references for similar projects of the enterprise.Methods From July to August of 2018,through field measurement and quantitative analysis on the occupational hazards that may occur in the whole production process of the thermal power plant in Gansu Province,the results were evaluated by comparing with the national exposure limits.The causes of the points that do not meet the standards were analyzed,to put forward countermeasures,and remind the proposed project to pay attention to such points.Results A total of 34 dust contact sites were measured and there were seven types of positions involved in driver's position of coal handling system,coal feeder's position and coal mill position,the maximum value of total dust was 8 mg/m 3,and the maximum value of respirable dust was 2.87 mg/m 3,which both met the occupational exposure limits.The air concentration of chemical poison was measured at 34 positions and there were eight types of positions involved in inspection position of boiler system ignition device,chemical water system dosing inspection position and denitration platform inspection position,while all time-weighted average concentrations or maximum concentrations met the occupational exposure limits.High temperature detection sites were all selected in the boiler system attendant check equipment position,according to their labor time rate and physical labor intensity,it was judged that the measurement results met the occupational exposure limit.There were 90 noise detection sites,involving 15 types of work,the qualification rate was 84%,and all unqualified sites were located in the turbine system.Conclusion The overall operation of the thermal power plant in Gansu Province is good,but it is important to pay attention to the noise hazard of the turbine system and strengthen the occupational protection of noise-exposed workers.