中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网形成机制的研究进展

Progress in mechanism of formation of neutrophil extracellular traps: Review

中性粒细胞主要通过吞噬、脱颗粒和产生活性氧(ROS)等方式行使功能,后来发现中性粒细胞还可以通过形成中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(NET)参与固有免疫反应,NET的形成过程被称为中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网凋零(NETosis),属于细胞程序性死亡方式。中性粒细胞激活后,经过产生ROS、弹性蛋白酶(NE)和髓过氧化物酶(MPO)转运到细胞核,引起组蛋白修饰、染色质解凝、细胞膜破裂,形成NET,被称为依赖烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(NADPH)的NETosis;不依赖NADPH的NETosis则需要肽基精氨酸脱氨酶4(PAD4)的参与;此外,还有NET快速形成过程。

Neutrophils play their roles via phagocytosis,degranulation and producing reactive oxygen species(ROS).Moreover,a new reaction mechanism of neutrophils producing neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)has been reported.NETs take part in the innate immune responses.The formation of NETs is called NETosis,which belongs to programmed cell death.NETs could be formed in response to neutrophils activation by a series of processes,including ROS production,neutrophil elastase(NE)and myeloperoxidase(MPO)transportation to nucleus,histones modification,chromatin decoagulation,and membrane breakage.This process is called NADPH-dependent NETosis.In addition,peptidyl arginine deiminase 4(PAD4)is needed for NADPH-independent NETosis.Furthermore,NETs can also be rapidly formed.Herein,we mainly reviewed the mechanism of NETosis.