家的执着与社会身份的建构——云南麻风患者的主体性研究

Attachment to the Family in Social Identity Construction: Subjectivity of Lepers in Yunnan

主流叙事中,麻风患者被视作干预帮扶的对象和被动的客体,其主体行动历来缺乏关照。本研究细述云南五个麻风院内麻风患者的生命历程,从非常态的视角审视家庭制度和实践,通过原有家庭、拟制家庭和组建家庭三个维度,分析他们如何利用家庭文化策略,构筑自身秩序。研究发现,麻风患者从未放弃对"正常人"社会身份的追求。在社会结构创设有限的背景下,麻风患者将嵌入社会结构、建构社会身份纳入到家庭策略运用的主体行动当中。在结构与主体的纠葛之中,麻风患者在获取生而为人的尊严的同时,也推动着结构的改变。另外,麻风患者的主体行动,也为更广泛人群抵御结构性无助提供了蓝本。

In the mainstream narrative,the lepers are often viewed as objects of interventions and researches rather than active subjects.This paper grows out of the researches on the life histories of the lepers in five villages of Yunnan Province.Putting family system in an unconventional perspective,this paper analyzes how the lepers make full use of traditional and cultural family resources,including original family,fictional family and constructed family,to construct their order.Researches show that the lepers have never given up on their pursuit of normal social identity.Although social structure leaves limited room for their subjectivity development,the lepers still take the initiative to include themselves into the family cultural resources for the sake of becoming part of social network in which to construct their social identity.In their struggle with social structure,the lepers acquire their dignity as human beings while at the same time promoting structural change,consciously or unconsciously.The experience of the lepers may serve as a model for those who are still resisting the pressure of social structure.