两种土壤调理剂在梅州烟区麻沙泥田上的应用效果

Application of Two Soil Conditioners in Alluvial Sandy Soil of Meizhou Tobacco-growing Area

为了探讨土壤调理剂的田间应用效果,筛选出适合改良梅州烟区麻沙泥田的土壤调理剂,通过田间试验研究2种土壤调理剂对植烟麻沙泥田烟叶产质量和土壤理化性质等方面的影响。结果表明:调理剂Ⅰ和调理剂Ⅱ均显著提高了烟叶的产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价,其中调理剂Ⅰ处理的产量和产值较对照高30.42%和57.56%;调理剂Ⅰ显著降低了烟草青枯病和普通花叶病发病率;调理剂Ⅰ处理较对照提高1.42个pH单位,其速效钾、交换性镁和交换性钙含量分别较对照显著提高13.21%、63.21%和4.9倍;2种调理剂增加了土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量,其中调理剂Ⅰ显著提升了土壤转化酶、磷酸酶、脲酶和脱氢酶的活性。综上所述,调理剂Ⅰ在提高烟叶产质量、改善植烟土壤理化性质、减轻烟草青枯病和普通花叶病发生等方面的综合效果显著,有助于植烟麻沙泥田土壤的改良。

The field application effect of tobacco yield, quality and physical and chemical properties of soil conditioners in the alluvial sandy soil in Meizhou tobacco area was studied. Both conditioner Ⅰ and conditioner Ⅱ significantly increased yield, output value, ratio of high quality tobacco and average price. The yield and output value of conditioner Ⅰ was 30.42% and 57.56% higher than that of the control, and conditioner Ⅰ significantly reduced the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt and tobacco mosaic virus. Conditioner Ⅰ increased soil pH by 1.42 compared with the control, and the content of available potassium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium in conditioner Ⅰ treatment was 13.21%, 63.21% and 4.9 times higher than that of the control. Both conditioners increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil. Conditioner I significantly increased the activity of soil invertase, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase.