我国合宪性审查的宪法属性

On the Constitutional Nature of Constitutional Review in China

权力机关宪法监督模式决定了我国合宪性审查的性质是政治审查,其所审查的是政治问题,而非法律问题。法律问题既不同于政治问题,也不同于事实问题。构成法律问题的标准是案件和争议,其理论基础是权力分工,须符合诉讼资格、成熟性和争议性,且须通过法律适用在事实与规范之间往返流连进行涵摄,裁决是否予以保护。我国合宪性审查之所以不是法律问题,在于审查的理论基础、规范依据、审查主体、审查目的、审查对象、审查程序、审查标准、审查效力不同于法院中心的司法审查。我国的合宪性审查是立法机关在宪法权限范围内通过运行立法权力实施宪法、维护宪法权威、确保法治统一的过程,以此体现人民主权原则。

The mode of constitutional supervision of power organs determines that the nature of constitutional review in China is political review,which examines political issues rather than legal issues.Legal issues are different from political issues as well as factual issues.The standard of legal issues is cases and controversy.Its theoretical basis is the division of power,which must meet the standing,ripeness and mootness.It must be covered by the application of law between facts and norms back and forth,to rule whether it is to be protected.The reason why constitutional review in China is not a legal issue lies in that the theoretical basis,normative basis,review subject,review purpose,review object,review procedure,review standard and review effect of the review are different from the judicial review of the court center.The constitutional review in China is a process in which the legislature implements the constitution,maintains the authority of the Constitution and ensures the unity of the rule of law through the operation of legislative power within the scope of constitutional authority,so as to reflect the principle of people’s sovereignty.