我国民法典夫妻共同债务规则评析

Rules of "Joint Signature, Joint Debt" in the Civil Code of PRC

我国《民法典》关于夫妻共同债务的规则设计系在原有相关规则整合的基础上进行的制度创新。但是,“共债共签”原则的引入并不涵盖夫妻共同债务的所有情形;“事后追认”“家庭日常生活需要”和“共同生产经营”之规定仍存在进一步探讨的必要。为弥补民法典关于夫妻共同债务规则原则性规定在司法适用中的不足,应对涉夫妻共同债务诉讼中债权人的举证责任进行细化规定,明确夫妻一方与第三人因侵权、不当得利等所涉债务的认定,加强和完善法官在司法裁判中的自由心证制度。

The rules-designing of joint debt of spouses in the Civil Code of China is an innovation based on the integration of previous relevant rules.However,the introduction of the principle of""joint signature,joint debt""is not able to not cover all cases of joint debt of spouses.There's still a necessity for further discussion about the rules on subsequent consent,family daily-life need and joint production and operation.To make up for the insufficiency in the judicial application of the Civil Code's fundamental provisions in the rules of the jointdebt,the provisions should be specified on the burden of proof on the creditor in litigation concerning jointdebt of spouses.It must be made clear whether the cause of debt of one party of the spouses and the third party belongs to infringement,unjust enrichment or some other type.The system of judge discretion in judicial decision-making should be strengthened.