霍布斯与托克维尔的政治思想之比较研究

A Comparative Study of Hobbes and Tocqueville’s Political Thought

英国政治思想家霍布斯与法国民主理论家托克维尔都是西方著名的思想家。通过比较霍布斯与托克维尔在慈善问题上的差异,进而阐述了二者政治思想的差异。霍布斯主张通过高度的个人主义和平等来加强行政集权,维护专制制度的稳定;而托克维尔主张要节制民主社会中过度个人主义和平等倾向,防止社会发展陷入专制制度。

Hobbes and Tocqueville share the same views on the social role of individualism,equality and centralized administration by compared with their charity issues.But their political goal is opposite,this paper argues that Hobbes advocates centralized administra⁃tion and a high degree of equality and individualism,thus maintaining the stability of the sovereign;while Tocqueville seeks to moderate equality and individualism,and advocates a decentralized governmental administration,so that people could learn to cooperate and help each other in order to prevent the invasion of authoritarian system into society.