唐顺之“本色论”及其崇陶情结发微

Discussion on Tang Shunzhi’s“Theory of Inherent Qualities”and His Complex Worship of Tao Yuanming

明中期,唐宋派代表人物唐顺之所倡导的“本色论”文学观,是此派重要的文学理论纲领,而“本色论”又是以唐顺之“天机论”为理论基础的。“天机论”实则王阳明心学思想的体现,它是“本色论”的思想根源。唐顺之所论“天机”“性源”“心源”“完美神明”与“直抒胸臆”“信手写出”“上乘文字”等关键词,前面诸词实乃“天机”之别称,后面诸词实乃“本色”之另说。“天机”是本根、灵魂,“本色”是本能、本真,二者缺一不可。只有将二者自然融合为一,相辅相成,才能熔铸出“胸中流出”“真见露出”之“上乘文字”,最终达到文以明道的创作目的。陶渊明的“真”与“自然”的审美范式,正是唐顺之所倡导的“天机”与“本色”文学观的最佳体现。所以,唐顺之从中华浩瀚无垠的诗海中精准选择陶渊明作为本色派的一面鲜艳而高扬的旗帜,钟情陶诗、身体力行、情结深厚,通过自己乡居田园诗的成功创作实践,圆满构建了知行合一的“本色论”文学思想体系。

As a representative of Tang and Song genre in the middle of Ming Dynasty,Tang Shunzhi advocated the literary view of“Theory of inherent qualities”,which is an important outline of literary theory of this genre and based on“Theory of nature’s mystery”.This theory is the embodiment of Wang Yangming’s thought of mind,which is the ideological root of“Theory of inherent qualities”.The key words from Tang Shunzhi,such as“the nature’s mystery”,“the source of nature”,“the source of heart”,“the perfect God”,“the direct expression of one’s feelings”,“writing freely”and“excellent words”,are actually the other names of“nature’s mystery”.The latter words are actually the other saying of“inherit qualities”“.nature’s mystery”is the root and soul;“inherit qualities”is instinct and truth,both of which are indispensable.Only by integrating the two naturally into one and complementing each other,can the excellent characters of“flowing out from the chest”and“revealing the truth”be fused and finally achieve the purpose of writing for expressing morals.Tao Yuanming’s aesthetic paradigm of“truth”and“nature”is the best embodiment of Tang Shunzhi’s literary view of“nature’s mystery”and“inherit qualities”.So Tang Shunzhi chose poems from the vast expanse of sea of poetry and precisely selected Tao Yuanming as an example.He loved Tao’s poems,and physically practice Tao’s theory,and successfully built the literary thinking system of“Unity of theory and practice ideology”through practice of creation of pastoral poetry.