唐顺之及明清常州文人与江南商贾精神

Tang Shunzhi and Changzhou Scholars of Ming and Qing Dynasties and Spirit of Merchants in the South of the Yangtze River

唐顺之是明代中后期受商贾精神影响最大的常州文人之一。他视“通商”“惠商”为“雅志古道”,既倡导儒商,又褒奖廉吏,摆正官商关系。在推重唐宋八大家中复兴儒商精神,并且在天然自由精神上与商贾契合。与唐顺之一脉相承的清代阳湖文派中的恽敬、张惠言、李兆洛、赵怀玉,毗陵诗派中的邵长蘅、赵翼、洪亮吉、黄仲则等,他们的创作在士商融合中显示出新的风貌,将江南地域商贾与文学的交叉演进推向新的阶段。尤其是其中所显示出包括商贾精神在内的市民意识与启蒙思想,蕴藏着特定时代的真(历史阶值)、善(伦理价值)、美(美学价值)、利(经济价值)相融合的新特征。

Tang Shunzhi was one of the literati in Changzhou who was most influenced by the spirit of merchants in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.He regarded“trade”and“benefit business”as“an elegance ambition and an ancient method”.He revived the spirit of confucian in businessmen through valuing eight masters of Tang and Song dynasties,praising honest officials and straightening out official-business relations.Yanghu scholars including Yun Jing,Zhang Huiyan,Li Zhaoluo,Zhao Huaiyu,and Piling school of poetry like Shao Changheng,Zhao Yi,Hong Liangji,Huang Zhongze,all showed new styles in the integration of scholars and merchants.The alternative evolution of merchants and literature in the south of the Yangtze River has been pushed to a new stage,especially showing the consciousness and enlightenment of citizens including merchants,which contains the truth(historical value),goodness(ethical value),and beauty(aesthetic value)and profit(economic value).