美国国门生物安全管理及启示

Management and Experience of the United States Biosafety at Border Corssings

新冠肺炎疫情来袭,海关作为守护国门的第一道防线,面临着巨大挑战。本文从新冠肺炎疫情给国门生物安全带来挑战的视角,阐述国门生物安全的概念及防控意义,总结美国防控国门生物安全的经验做法,并对照我国海关职责,梳理美国海关与边境保护局和美国农业部动植物卫生检验局的具体防控措施,提出美国国门生物防御建设对我国的启示,包括加强顶层设计、提高基础设施建设、重视预检及后续监管模式、建立生物安全的监测预警体系。

As the first line of defence against COVID-19,customs is facing great challenges.This paper starts from the challenge of the COVID-19 to the biosafety at border corssings,and expounds the concept and significance of biosafety at border corssings,and summarizes the experience of the United States in the prevention and control of biosafety at border corssings.In contrast to General Administration of Customs,P.R.China's duties,it explained the specific prevention and control measures of the U.S.Customs and Border Protection and USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service,and proposed the enlightenment of the U.S.national biodefense construction to China,including strengthening the top-level design,increasing capital investment,paying attention to pre-inspection and follow-up supervision,and establishing biosafety monitoring and early warning system.