Nature开放式同行评议实验的问题与对策研究

Problems and countermeasures of the experiment of open peer review in Nature

【目的】分析2006年Nature开放式同行评议实验存在的问题,为科技期刊开放式同行评议的实践提供参考与对策。【方法】通过案例分析方法对Nature开放式同行评议实验的过程进行分析,找出其中存在的问题。【结果】开放式同行评议中参与者心理问题、对学术优先权的担忧、编辑作用过强、技术环境的影响、激励机制的缺失、评议质量的设置问题是Nature 2006年开放式同行评议实验的失败原因。【结论】改变技术环境、用区块链技术可解决参与者的心理障碍问题;采用预印本技术、出版后同行评议、区块链技术可确认学术优先权;采用出版评议报告的学术激励和区块链代币功能的物理激励方式可建立激励机制;设置开放式同行评议和评论两种方式,以及由人工智能技术辅助编辑职能。

[Purposes]After analyzing the experiment of open peer review of Nature in 2006,solution methods are proposed to provide references for other journals trying the open peer review in the future.[Methods]Case analysis was used to analyze the process of the open peer review experiment in Nature and find out the existing problems.[Findings]Psychological problems of participants in the open peer review,concern for academic priority,excessive effect of editors,impact of technical environment,lack of incentive mechanism,and problems from the setting of review quality are the failure reasons for the open peer review experiment of Nature in 2006.[Conclusions]Psychology block can be solved with the change of technology environment and the use of blockchain technology.The confirmation of academic priority can be completed with the application of preprint,postpublication peer review,and blockchain technology.The incentive mechanism is established by academic incentive of publishing peer review reports and material incentive of blockchain’s token function.The comment pattern is divided into open peer review and comment,and the editing function is assisted by artificial intelligence technology.