余姚市儿童超重和肥胖现状及影响因素调查

Investigation on the status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among children in Yuyao

目的了解余姚市3~6岁儿童超重及单纯性肥胖的现状及影响因素,为预防和控制儿童肥胖提供基础数据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2019年4—7月在余姚市随机抽取6所幼儿园的384名3~6岁儿童为调查对象,采用问卷调查和体格检查的方法,对调查对象进行超重和肥胖的影响因素调查。计数资料采用例数、构成比描述,单因素分类变量采用χ^2检验,多变量采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 384名3~6岁儿童中超重和肥胖63例,占16.41%。不同分娩方式(χ^2=4.513)、出生体重(χ^2=7.499)、进食速度(χ^2=16.524)、户外运动时间(χ^2=14.293)、吃含糖零食或饮料(χ^2=19.718)、父亲体质指数(χ^2=9.933)、母亲体质指数(χ^2=17.271)、家庭人均月收入(χ^2=8.034)的儿童超重和肥胖发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童吃含糖零食或饮料、户外运动时间、进食速度、母亲体质指数和父亲体质指数是超重和肥胖的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论余姚市儿童超重和肥胖率较高,受到家庭、行为等多方面因素影响,应该采取综合防控措施进行有效的干预,预防和控制儿童肥胖的发生。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of simple obesity among children aged from 3 to 6 years old in Yuyao, and to provide basic data for the prevention and control of childhood obesity.Methods A total of 384 children aged from 3 to 6 years old were randomly selected from 6 kindergartens in Yuyao from April to July 2019 by cluster sampling, and the influencing factors of overweight and obesity were investigated by questionnaire survey and physical examination.Enumeration data were described by case number and constituent ratio,chi-square test was used for single factor classification variables, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used for multiple variables.Inspection level α=0.05.Results There were 63 cases of overweight and obesity in 384 children aged from 3 to 6 years old, accounting for 16.41%.The difference of the incidence rate of overweight and obesity among children was statistically significant in different delivery modes(χ^2=4.513), birth weight(χ^2=7.499), eating speed(χ^2=16.524),outdoor exercise time(χ^2=14.293),eating or drinking sugary snacks or drinks(χ^2=19.718), father’s body mass index(χ^2=9.933), mother’s body mass index(χ^2=17.271), and average monthly income of family(χ^2=8.034).Eating or drinking sugary snacks or drinks,outdoor exercise time,eating speed, mother’s body mass index and father’s body mass index were the main influencing factors of overweight and obesity(P<0.05).Conclusion The rate of overweight and obesity among children is higher in Yuyao, which is affected by many factors, such as family and behaviors. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to conduct effective intervention, in order to prevent and control the occurrence of obesity among children.