安吉县农村居民肺结核危险因素研究

Study on risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among rural residents in Anji County

目的调查安吉县农村居民肺结核发病的危险因素,为农村居民肺结核防治提供参考依据。方法选取2017年7月—2018年12月经安吉县某结核病定点医院确诊的年龄≥25岁的农村居民肺结核病例395例作为病例组;从病例居住地的周围,选择同性别、年龄相差≤3岁的正常居民395名作为对照组。通过问卷调查收集两组人群的年龄、性别、文化程度、身高、体重、吸烟(≥1支/天)、饮酒(≥1次/周)、婚姻状况、居住环境、工作环境、卡介苗接种的卡痕、肺结核接触史及个人年均收入等10个项目信息数据,采用Logistic回归分析农村居民肺结核发病的危险因素。结果 395例肺结核患者中,男性279例,占70.63%;女性116例,占29.37%;年龄最小25岁,最大89岁,平均年龄为(68.13±7.55)岁。回归分析结果显示,居室通风(OR=0.261,P<0. 05)是农村居民肺结核发病的保护因素,而吸烟(OR=1.736,P<0.05)、工作环境粉尘(OR=9.109,P<0.05)和肺结核接触史(OR=1.697,P<0.05)是肺结核发病的危险因素。结论应当关注农村低收入人群,采取有针对性的措施,强化健康教育宣传,提高居民肺结核防控知识的知晓率及健康行为的依从性。加强文化修养、控制吸烟、做好劳动保护、改善居住条件,将有助于农村居民肺结核疫情的控制。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) among rural residents in Anji County, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of PTB among rural residents. Methods A total of 395 PTB cases of rural residents aged more than 25 years old from a tuberculosis designated hospital in Anji County from July, 2017 to December, 2018 were selected as the case group, and 395 normal residents with the same gender and age difference ≤3 years around the case residence were selected as the control group. Ten personal information data of the two groups were collected through questionnaire survey, including age, gender,education level, height, weight, smoking(more than one branch each day), drinking(more than one time each week), marital status, living environment, working environment, the mark of BCG vaccination, exposure history of PTB, personal annual average income and so on. The risk factors of PTB in rural residents were analyzed by logistic regression. Results Among 395 PTB patients, 279 were males(70.63%) and 116 were females(29.37%). The smallest was 25 years old and the oldest was 89 years old, with an average age of(68.13+7.55). The results of regression analysis showed that indoor ventilation(OR=0.261, P<0. 05) was the protective factor for the incidence of PTB in rural residents, while smoking(OR=1.736, P<0. 05), dust in the working environment(OR=9.109, P<0. 05) and the exposure history of PTB(OR=1.697, P<0.05) were the risk factors for the incidence of PTB.Conclusion It is necessary to pay much more attention to the low-income population in rural areas, and to adopt targeted measures to strengthen health education and publicity, so as to improve the awareness rate of PTB prevention and control, as well as the compliance of health behaviors among the residents. Strengthening cultural accomplishment;controlling smoking;doing a good job for labor protection and improving living conditions will contribute to the control of PTB epidemic in rural residents.