新冠肺炎疫情防控中个人健康可行能力的伦理思考

Ethical Reflection on Individual Health Capability in COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control

新冠肺炎疫情防控对我国公共卫生应急管理体系和国家治理能力提出了严峻挑战,也引发了对健康公平的进一步思考。基于一种新的健康公平研究范式——健康可行能力,分析了国家作为外在环境对个人追求健康自由保护的必要性和限制的合理性,分别阐释了个人选择和健康中介对个人健康可行能力的局限性和重要性,论述了个人健康可行能力在新冠肺炎疫情防控中的平衡与伦理,包括注重对弱势群体的保护,兼顾结果和过程的公平,需要个人的配合以及该理论在某些伦理问题方面的局限性等。

COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control poses great challenges to the public health emergency management system and to China’s capacity for governance,and it also triggers further reflection on health equity.This paper introduces a health capability approach as a new health equity research paradigm,and analyzes the necessity to protect health freedom and the rationality to restrict certain rights of individuals.It interprets the limitation and importance of individual health capability influenced by personal choice and health agency respectively.The balance and ethics of individual health capability in COVID-19 are discussed,including the protection for vulnerable groups,the balance between outcome and process,cooperation from individuals,and the limitations to solve some ethical problems based on this paradigm.