精神障碍医疗诊断回避制度研究

Research on the Avoidance System of Medical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders

精神障碍患者医疗诊断回避制度源于司法审判回避制度,是程序正义理念在非诉讼领域的应用。医疗诊断回避制度实质是事前程序性纠错机制,旨在通过禁止性规定达致理想的实体正义。在人类漫长的医疗实践中,诊断回避制度出现较晚且限于特定的精神障碍诊断领域缘于其以美德、关怀为核心的现代医学伦理原则吸纳了个体接受医疗服务过程的程序正义要求。比较而言,医疗诊断回避制度不及诉讼回避制度的立法定位和价值高、适用领域和范围广、内容和程序完善、理论和实践成熟。该制度健全须汲取其他领域回避制度的合理成分以恢复其立法预设功能。

Avoidance system of medical diagnosis for patients with mental disorders is originated from judicial trial avoidance system,which is the development of procedural justice concept in non-litigation field.The medical diagnosis avoidance system is essentially apre-procedural error correction mechanism,which aims to achieve ideal substantive justice through prohibitive provisions.In the long medical practice of human beings,the diagnosis avoidance system appears late and is limited to the specific field of mental disorder diagnosis,because its modern medical ethical principles with virtue and care as the core absorb the procedural justice requirements of individual receiving medical services.Comparatively speaking,the medical diagnosis challenge system is inferior to the litigation challenge system in terms of its high legislative orientation and value,wide application scope,perfect content and procedure,and mature theory and practice.In order to restore its function of legislative presupposition,it is necessary to absorb the reasonable elements of avoidance system in other fields.