不同留果穗数对戈壁设施番茄光合特性、产量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Remaining Fruit Spikes on Leaf Photosynthetic Characters,Yield,and Quality of Tomato produced in Gobi Greenhouses

【目的】研究新疆南疆地区戈壁日光温室内不同番茄留果数对叶片光合特性与果实品质的影响,获得戈壁温室番茄生产的经济最适留果穗数。【方法】以NS3389番茄作为试验材料,设置4种留果穗处理(T3:留3穗果;T4:留四穗果;T5:留五穗果;T6:留六穗果),测定各处理下,番茄叶片光合特性、植株产量、以及果实品质,筛选出综合效益较优的戈壁设施番茄留果数。【结果】除T3和T6处理外,不同留果穗数的番茄功能叶片中光合色素含量普遍随留果数增加而增加,T4和T5处理下的番茄叶片的净光合速率(PN)显著高于其他处理,而T 5和T 6处理下的叶片气孔导度(GS)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、以及蒸腾速率(Tr)数据却较高。单株果实产量T6处理组数据显著高于其他处理,而T5和T6处理的设施年产量最高。果实果形指数各处理间无显著差异,可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸(VC)以及番茄红素的果实品质指标T4和T5处理显著高于其他处理。【结论】新疆南疆地区戈壁温室番茄生产较适合采用4穗和5穗的留果模式。

【Objective】To investigate the effects of different remaining fruit spikes on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of tomatoes growing in Gobi solar greenhouses in southern Xinjiang in the hope of obtaining the economic optimal tomato fruit number left for Gobi greenhouse tomato production.【Method】NS3389 tomato was used as the test material,and four kinds of remaining spikes were set(T3:three spikes;T4:four spikes;T 5:five spikes;T 6:six spikes).Leaf photosynthetic characteristics,plant yield,and fruit quality of tomatoes were monitored to figure out better beneficial fruit remaining spikes.【Result】Except for T3 and T6 treatments,the photosynthetic pigment content in functional leaves of tomato with different numbers of remaining fruit spikes generally increased with the increase of the number of retained fruit.The net photosynthetic rates(PN)were significantly higher under those of T4 and T5 treatments,while the stomatal conductance(GS),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),and transpiration rate(Tr)of tomato leaves under T5 and T6 treatments were higher than those of other treatments.The data of fruit yield per plant in T6 treatment was significantly higher than those in other treatments,and the annual yield of greenhouse at T4 and T5 treatments were the highest.There was no significant difference in the fruit shape index among the treatments,while the contents of soluble solids,ascorbic acid(VC),and lycopene of fruits under T4 and T5 treatments were significantly higher than those under other treatments.【Conclusion】According to comprehensive yield and quality analysis,tomato production in Gobi greenhouses in southern Xinjiang is more suitable to adopt 4 and 5 spike fruit retention modes.