学生能力增值中的学校与家庭影响--基于中国教育追踪调查数据的分析

The Influence of School and Family on Students’Increment of Ability--Analysis Based on the Data of China Education Panel Survey

基于中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)基线与追踪数据,借鉴增值理念,使用OLS回归和两水平模型方法,分析了家庭背景、学校因素对学生认知与非认知能力增值的影响,探讨了学校因素对家庭背景效应的调节作用。结果表明:一方面,家庭背景、学校因素都是影响学生认知与非认知能力发展的重要因素,但不同之处在于,家庭背景对子女非认知能力的影响程度要大于认知能力,而学校因素对学生认知能力的影响程度要大于非认知能力;另一方面,学校因素能够调节家庭背景对学生发展的影响,学校因素不仅能够降低家庭经济状况、父亲职业等相对较难改变的家庭背景对子女认知能力发展的影响,还能调节父母关系状况、父亲对子女的关心等相对较易改变的家庭背景对子女非认知能力发展的影响。据此,学校加强对学生非认知能力的培养,家长重视家庭教育,营造良好的家庭氛围对于促进学生全面发展无疑都是重要且有效的途径。

Based on“China Education Panel Survey(CEPS)”data,this study has used OLS regression and the HLM to analyze the influence of family background and school factors on the increment of students’cognitive and non-cognitive skills,and discusses the moderating effect of school factors on family background effect.The results show that:on the one hand,family background and school factors are important factors affecting the development of students’cognitive and non-cognitive skills,but the difference is that the influence of family background on children’s non-cognitive skills is greater than that of cognitive skills,while the influence of school factor on students’cognitive skills is greater than that of non-cognitive skills;On the other hand,school factors can moderate the impact of family background on students’development.School factors can not only reduce the impact of family economic status and father’s occupation on children’s cognitive development,but also regulate the influence of relatively easy to change family factors such as parents’relationship and father’s care for children on the development of children’s non-cognitive skills.Therefore,it is an important and effective way for schools to strengthen the cultivation of students’non-cognitive skills and parents to attach importance to family education to promote the development of students.