争议中前行的大学专业排名——对德国CHE大学排名应对挑战的策略探究

The Dispute in University Professional Ranking:A study on the Strategies and Solutions of Challenges of CHE Universities Rankings in Germany

作为德国目前影响最大、范围最广、持续最久的本土大学排名,CHE大学排名具有以响应学生关切为目标导向、以优化学业环境为指标定位、以专业层级排序为呈现形式等三个方面的特征。然而由于其所具有的排名属性,使得德国社会、高校和专业协会对其指标测定、价值功能和透明程度等方面产生一定的质疑和挑战。面对种种争议,CHE大学排名从评价方法、理念初心、监管体系等三方面调适自身的发展方向,完成方法优化和功能转变。当前我国各类大学排名可以从坚守服务型排名理念、构建动态化指标体系、转为激励性功能视角等方面获得启示。

As the most influential,widest and long-lasting local universities ranking in Germany,the CHE University Ranking has three aspects of responding to students’concerns as goal orientation,optimizing the academic environment as index positioning,and ranking of different disciplines as presentation form.However,due to its ranking attributes,the German society,universities and professional associations have questioned and challenged its index measurement,function and degree of transparency.In response to various disputes,CHE University Ranking has adjusted its own development direction from three aspects of evaluation method,concept,and supervision system,and completed method optimization and functional transformation.At present,various university rankings in China can be enlightened from the experience of CHE University Ranking as adhering to the service-oriented concept,constructing a dynamic index system,and turning into an incentive functional perspective.