大学专业教育的历史嬗变及未来想像

The Historical Evolution and Future Imagination of University Professional Education

专业教育并不是古已有之的概念,而是随着自然科学的发展和工业革命的发生所产生的现代概念及知识体系。在历史的长河中,专业教育经历了四个阶段,其发展受个人、国家和社会等因素的影响。随着科技的进步与社会的发展,存在多种弊端的传统专业教育已跟不上时代的脚步,为此多国开启了对于专业教育的变革。当今时代,人工智能将不断渗透到各专业领域,新的知识创新与组织将会出现,传统专业将不断被消解与形变,新知识的诞生机制及未来对于高素质、综合性人才的渴望需要专业教育摒弃自由教育与专业教育二元对立的观点,摒弃非此即彼的价值选择方式和思维方式。因此,未来的专业教育要以自由教育为基石,守住学术自由与人类幸福的边界,让人获得更好的生存,更有针对性地促进社会发展。

Professional education is not an ancient concept.It is a modern concept and its knowledge system produced with the development of natural science and the occurrence of the industrial revolution.In the long course of history,professional education has gone through four stages,and individuals,countries and society influence its development.With the advancement of science and technology and the development of society,traditional professional education has many drawbacks,which can no longer keep up with the pace of the times.For this reason,many countries have started the reform of professional education.In the new era,artificial intelligence will continue to infiltrate all professional fields,new knowledge innovation and organization will emerge,and traditional specialties will continue to be dispelled and transformed.The birth mechanism of new knowledge and the desire for high-quality and comprehensive talents in the future require professional education to abandon the binary opposition between liberal education and professional education,and abandon the either-or ways of value choice and thinking.Therefore,the future professional education should take liberal education as the cornerstone,keep the boundary between academic freedom and human happiness,so that people can survive better and promote social development in a more targeted manner.