区块链金融背景下小微企业融资的模式与路径创新

Financing Mode and Path Innovation of Small and Micro Enterprises in the Context of Blockchain Finance

小微企业经济增长贡献度与金融支持之间不匹配,普遍存在着融资难融资贵的问题。区块链金融通过分布式记账、共识信任、智能合约等技术规则实现了中心化金融体系向去中心化金融体系转变,区块链金融将在降低小微企业准入门槛、重塑小微企业信用生态、提升金融机构风控水平等方面对小微企业融资产生影响。通过比较区块链金融公有链、私有链以及联盟链,提出区块链金融选择联盟链的发展模式。基于区块链金融与小微企业融资的视角,按照联盟链的发展模式,将落脚点聚焦在“区块链+供应链金融”来解决小微企业融资难融资贵问题。基于小微企业的资产数字化、“区块链+供应链金融”交易数据上链、“区块链+供应链金融”平台流程智能化以及建立统一的供应链金融共享平台等方面构建“区块链+供应链金融”发展路径。最后,从区块链金融相关法律法规、监管方式平衡、关键技术与应用场景延伸、行业自律四个方面提出政策建议。

There is a mismatch between the contribution of small and micro enterprises to economic growth and the financial support they get,and there is a common problem that financing is difficult and expensive.Blockchain finance realizes the transformation from centralized financial system to decentralized financial system through technical rules such as distributed bookkeeping,consensus trust and smart contract.Blockchain finance will have an impact on the financing of small and micro enterprises in terms of lowering the access threshold of small and micro enterprises,reshaping the credit ecology of small and micro enterprises,and improving the risk control level of financial institutions.By comparing the public chain,private chain and alliance chain of blockchain finance,this paper puts forward the idea that the development mode of blockchain finance is the alliance chain.Based on the perspective of blockchain finance and small and micro enterprise financing,according to the development mode of alliance chain,we focus on“blockchain+supply chain finance”to solve the financing problems of small and micro enterprises.The development path of“blockchain+supply chain finance”is built on the basis of asset digitalization of small and micro enterprises,“blockchain+supply chain finance”transaction data,“blockchain+supply chain finance”platform process intelligence and the establishment of a unified supply chain financial sharing platform.Finally,policy suggestions are put forward from four aspects:blockchain finance related laws and regulations,regulatory balance,extension of key technologies and application scenarios,and industry self-discipline.