高效膜蒸馏结晶过程的研究进展

Research progress of high-efficiency membrane distillation crystallization process

全球性的水资源短缺及环境污染问题,使得工业废水处理、海水淡化、高价值溶质综合利用的需求日益迫切。膜蒸馏结晶过程可以充分利用低品质热源,实现高纯度水溶剂分离、盐分结晶制备,对于实现分离过程零排放和协同增效有重要意义。同时,膜蒸馏结晶也可以与多级闪蒸,多效精馏、纳滤、正向渗透、反渗透等过程进行耦合,进一步提高整体分离效率。此外,该过程对于调控晶体外部形貌,制备晶体尺寸分布集中、流动性好的晶体产品也有积极作用。基于此,针对膜蒸馏结晶原理、过程调控机制以及创新过程应用几个方面开展论述,总结了膜蒸馏结晶技术在高效分离、结晶过程精准控制等领域的关键问题和发展趋势。

The global shortage of water resources and environmental pollution has made the demands for industrial wastewater treatment,seawater desalination,and comprehensive utilization of high-value solutes increasingly urgent.Membrane distillation crystallization process cannot only make full use of low-quality heat sources,achieve high-purity water-solvent separation,but also achieve salt crystallization preparation,which is of great significance for achieving zero liquid discharge and synergistic efficiency in the separation process.At the same time,membrane distillation crystallization process can also be coupled with multi-stage flash evaporation,multi-effect distillation,nanofiltration,forward infiltration,reverse osmosis and other processes to further improve the overall separation efficiency.In addition,it also has a positive impact on regulating the external morphology of the crystal,preparing crystal products with relatively concentrated crystal size distribution and good flowability.Based on this,this article has discussed several aspects of membrane distillation crystallization principles,process control mechanisms and innovative process applications,and looking forward to the key issues and development trends of membrane distillation crystallization technology in the fields of efficient separation and precise control of the crystallization process.