《赵正书》研究

A Study of Zhaozhengshu(赵正书)

北京大学收藏的汉简《赵正书》记载秦始皇临终接受李斯的建议,立胡亥为后,以及胡亥杀群公子、杀李斯等事,与《史记》等有相合之处,但立胡亥为后与《史记》所述沙丘之谋,则差别甚大。学界目前多倾向于仍然相信《史记》的记述。本文先从《赵正书》所述胡亥“燔其律令及故世之藏”及湖南益阳兔子山二世元年文告中发掘有价值的史料,指明《赵正书》有可信度;进而考察秦始皇晚期的统治术及汉初的统治术,指出胡亥模仿秦始皇,而与扶苏不同,其统治术更合于当时情景,所以其继位是有合理因素的;最后分析《史记》中的有关记事,指明《赵正书》有可信性。当前的材料或许还不能让学界都信《赵正书》而不信《史记》的沙丘之谋,但是至少可以纠正只信《史记》而不信《赵正书》的倾向。

Zhaozhengshu(赵正书),the bamboo slips of Han Dynasty collected in Peking University,recorded that the First Emperor of Qin took Lisi’s(李斯)advice to choose Huhai(胡亥)as his successor when he would die,and Huhai killed his siblings as well as Lisi.These records are partly the same as Historical Records,but the First Emperor of Qin chose Huhai as his successor was very different from the Shaqiu(沙丘)conspiracy.Scholars tend to believe Historical Records.This article firstly tries to discover valuable contents in Zhaozhengshu and the announcements of the first year under the Reign of Emperor QinⅡwhich was unearthed at Tuzishan(兔子山)tomb,in Yiyang(益阳)city,Hunan Province,to indicate the credibility of Zhaozhengshu.Then this article studies the art of governance of the First Emperor of Qin in his later years and that of early Han Dynasty,and points out that Huhai imitated his father’s pattern,which is different from that of Fusu(扶苏),so that Huhai is more suitable for the situation at that time.Finally,this article analyzes relevant records in Historical Records and points out Zhaozhengshu has credibility.Existing materials may not make a lot of scholars to believe Zhaozhengshu,but it can at least correct the tendency to believe Historical Records but not Zhaozhengshu.