乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检研究进展

The research progress of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer

前哨淋巴结活检是评估乳腺癌患者有无淋巴结转移的标准之一,同时是腋窝淋巴结阴性患者的标准术式。近年来前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌患者中应用广泛,传统的前哨淋巴结活检检出方法存在众多的缺点,新的检测技术应运而生并快速发展。前哨淋巴结阳性乳腺癌患者发生腋窝淋巴结转移率约50%,腋窝淋巴结转移风险较低者是否行腋窝清扫术成为研究热点。对于接受新辅助治疗患者行前哨淋巴结活检的安全性及时机选择,目前尚未达成共识。本文就前哨淋巴结活检的新技术、腋窝的处理及预后和新辅助治疗等方面做一综述。

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is one of the criteria for evaluating the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients,and it is also the standard procedure for patients with negative axillary lymph nodes.In recent years,sentinel lymph node biopsy has been widely used in breast cancer patients.The traditional sentinel lymph node biopsy detection method has many shortcomings,and new detection techniques have emerged and developed rapidly.The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with sentinel node-positive breast cancer is about 50%.Whether axillary lymph node metastasis has a lower risk of axillary dissection has become a research hotspot.There is currently no consensus on the safety and timing of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy.This article reviews new techniques for sentinel lymph node biopsy,axillary management,prognosis,and neoadjuvant therapy.