基于功能语法的小句本位观

A Systemic-Functional Grammar Approach to the Clause-Pivot Model of Chinese Grammar

汉语语法的本位观经历了"词类本位""句本位""词组本位"以及"小句中枢说"等几个阶段。其中"小句中枢说"的提出标志着汉语语法研究走入了新的阶段。生成语法学者和功能语法学者讨论了各自的理论和视角与"小句中枢说"的契合和互补之处。这些研究在肯定"小句中枢说"的进步和贡献的同时,也提出了该理论有待改进的问题,包括:1)小句的定义,如小句的内涵、小句的识别等;2)小句的外延,如小句与单句、分句以及复句的关系;3)小句结构及其同词组结构的异同。本文借助系统功能语法理论,试图提出这些问题的解决方案。论文发现,"小句中枢说"和系统功能语法之间有相通之处,前者可以从后者中得到补益和借鉴,以实现理论上更加系统、自洽,实践上更完备、更可操作。

In the study of Chinese grammar,much importance is attached to the identification of the basic unit,thus there have appeared the word-based grammar,the sentence-based grammar,the phrase-based grammar,and the clause-pivot grammar.Of these,the clause-pivot grammar ushered in a new phase.Both generative and functionalist scholars have reviewed this model from their own backgrounds and discussed how concepts and principles from their theories may complement and be integrated into this model.While admitting the contributions and significance of this model,they also pointed out its problems.These include:1)how to define a clause,what are its basic features,and how to identify a clause;2)what is the scope of clause,how it is related to independent and dependent clauses and to clause complexes;and 3)what is the structure of the clause and how it is related to that of the group/phrase.This article tries to answer these questions from the perspective of Systemic-Functional Grammar(SFG).It is found that the clause-pivot model and SFG share a number of important common features,though the former is a languagespecific grammatical model,the latter is a general linguistic theory.The latter may help enhance the former in its systematicness,consistency and practicability.