汉语QAP结构及其关联效应的动态解析

A Dynamic Account of Chinese QAP Construction and Its Association Effect

汉语数量形容词(多和少)可以充当谓语,用以说明主语的数量范畴。同时,此类结构通常会产生关联效应(association effect)解读,即主语与话题成分产生关联,如"说到教过的学生,张三很多/少"。在动态句法(Dynamic Syntax Kempson et al.2001;Cann et al.2005)理论框架下,本文认为,此关联效应是一个句法、语义和语用的互动现象:(1)数量形容词内涵的词汇信息要求其说明描述的对象具有集合性质;(2)在语句解析过程中,计算规则将匹配形容词及其描述对象的算子信息,并进而决定语句的合法性;(3)在线性序列和语境信息的作用下,可以有效解析此类结构产生的歧义现象。

Quantity adjectives in Chinese(henceforth QAP construction),such as duo/shao,can function as predicates to illustrate the quantity category of subjects.Meanwhile,a QAP construction can generate association effect,that is,the interpretation of the subject should be associated with the topic,as in Shuodao jiaoguo de xuesheng,Zhangsan hen duo/shao.Within the framework of Dynamic Syntax(Kempson et al.2001;Cann et al.2005),this paper argues that the association effect is an interaction of syntax,semantics and pragmatics:(i)the internalized lexical information of quantity adjectives requires that their descriptive objects should have the set property;(ii)in the process of parsing,the computational actions will match the operator between quantity adjectives and their descriptive objects,which will then determine the validity of sentences;(iii)within incrementality and context,the ambiguity caused by QAP construction can be effectively parsed.