中压低温大直径换热器的设计

DESIGN OF A MEDIUM-PRESSURE LOW-TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGER WITH LARGE DIAMETER

某化工装置中一台壳体直径∅4000 mm的固定管板型式的换热器,具有较高压力、较高温度和低温要求、直径较大、事故工况温差较大等特点,选材、管板结构和制造方案都具有一定的难度。文章从管、壳程筒体选材、强度计算、管板锻造方案、材料和制造技术要求、无损检测等设计环节对换热器的设计过程进行了详细介绍,为满足较高压力和低温要求,管箱材料选用了09MnNiD锻件+堆焊材料,管板选用管、壳程端分别带肩的09MnNiD锻件,制造方案选择了整体锻造;同时,对整个制造过程提出了详细的试验和检测技术要求。

In a chemical plant,a fixed tube-sheet heat exchanger with a shell diameter of 4000 mm has higher pressure,higher temperature and low-temperature operation requirements,larger diameter,and larger temperature differences in accident conditions.So,there are certain difficulties in material selection,tube sheet structure design and manufacturing plan.This paper introduces the design process of the heat exchanger in detail from such design links as material selection of the tube side and shell side cylinder,strength calculation,tube sheet forging scheme,material and manufacturing technical requirements,non-destructive testing and so forth.In order to meet the requirements of higher pressure and low temperature,09MnNiD forge pieces plus surfacing material were selected as the tube box material,the tube sheet selected tube side and shell side ends with shoulder bolts made of 09MnNiD forge pieces and solid forging was chosen in the manufacturing plan;meanwhile,detailed test and inspection technical requirements were put forward for the entire manufacturing process.