构建事权明晰的空间规划体系:日本的经验与启示

Constructing a Spatial Planning System with Clear Authority and Responsibility: The Experience and Enlightenment from Japan

我国空间规划存在的主要问题之一是"多规"并行格局下的事权不明和冲突。日本在完备的法律指导下,形成了"多规"并行的空间规划体系,与我国有很多相似之处,可以作为我国空间规划优化改革的重要借鉴对象。在分析大量一手文本资料的基础上,对日本的国土形成规划、国土利用规划和专业土地利用规划进行了全面系统的研究,重点探析各类型、各层级规划的主要内容和事权关系。认为日本空间规划之所以能保证顺畅运作,是因为其在明确法律法规保障下,上下层级、相关部门事权具有明晰的边界和完善的协调机制。我国空间规划一直以来存在多规并行却缺乏统筹甚至矛盾冲突的问题,对此,本文从纵向和横向事权的划定、空间规划立法、规划协调机制等角度提出空间规划体系优化改革的三点建议。

Japan has a similar spatial planning system as China, which has a complex system of multiple-planning, and can be used as an important reference for China. This paper makes an in-depth and detailed study of Japan’s spatial planning system by analyzing a large number of first-hand materials. The study shows the experience of Japan is that the authorities of different levels and departments have clear boundaries and perfect coordination mechanism under clear law systems. In the end, several suggestions, including delineation of authorities, spatial planning legislation, and the establishment of planning coordination mechanism are put forward to optimize China’s spatial planning system.