床旁超声在急诊气道管理中的应用

Application of bedside ultrasound in emergency airway management

床旁超声技术在急诊、麻醉和重症监护室的应用发展迅速,临床医生主导的气道超声已成为急诊气道管理的得力工具.文章综述上气道超声技术在气道管理各方面的应用及具体操作.描述上气道超声解剖结构及获得满意超声图像的方法和途径,重点阐述超声在评估困难气道、判断气管插管位置,以及指导环甲膜穿刺和经皮气管切开术中的应用.床旁超声有望成为急诊气道管理的一线非侵入性辅助评估工具.

The application of bedside ultrasound technology in emergency,anesthesia and intensive care units is developing rapidly.Clinic-led airway ultrasound has become a powerful tool for emergency airway management.The aim is to review the application and specific operations of upper airway ultrasound technology in various aspects of airway management,to describe the upper airway ultrasound anatomy,and to look for methods and approaches to obtain satisfactory ultrasound images.This paper discusses mainly the role of ultrasound in assessing difficult airways,determining the location of the tracheal intubation,and guide the application of thyrocricocentesis and percutaneous tracheotomy.Bedside ultrasound is expected to be a first-line non-invasive assessment tool for emergency airway management.