构建中国特色高等教育体系:国家战略视角

Building a System of Higher Education with Chinese Characteristics:From the Perspective of National Strategy

高等教育体系主要用来描述一个国家所有的高等教育组织。为满足社会多样化的需求,高等教育体系必须不断分化。高等教育体系的变革受制于一个国家宏观的体制与结构。从全球范围来看,推进高等教育体系现代化主要有两种战略:一是国家中心战略,二是市场导向战略。前者主张充分发挥国家在推进高等教育体系现代化中的作用,后者强调充分发挥市场在高等教育体系现代化中的作用。发展中国家常常采用国家中心战略推进高等教育体系现代化。中国特色高等教育体系的形成是一个历史演进的过程。变化中的环境是高等教育体系不断改进的推动力,高等教育体系的建构受到环境的影响,并努力适应环境的需求。从国家战略的角度来看,中国特色高等教育体系主要经历了行业高等教育体系、区域高等教育体系、服务现代化强国建设高等教育新体系三个发展阶段。

The higher education system is mainly used to describe all the higher education organizations in a country. In order to meet the diversified needs of the society, the higher education system must be constantly divided. The reform of higher education system is subject to the macro system and structure of a country. From a global perspective, there are two main strategies to promote the modernization of higher education system, one is national center strategy, the other is market-oriented strategy. The former advocates to give full play to the role of the state in promoting the modernization of higher education system, while the latter emphasizes to give full play to the role of the market in the modernization of higher education system. Generally speaking, developing countries often adopt the national center strategy to promote the modernization of higher education system. The formation of higher education system with Chinese characteristics is a process of historical evolution. The changing environment is the driving force for the continuous improvement of higher education system. The construction of higher education system is affected by the environment and tries to adapt to the needs of the environment. From the perspective of national strategy, the system of higher education with Chinese characteristics has experienced three development stages: Industrial higher education system, regional higher education system, and the construction of a new system of higher education for a modern and powerful country.